Nation | Tribe: Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina
A Lumbee Tribe-owned commercial casino proposal in Robeson County was introduced and considered by the 2023 North Carolina legislature, but failed to pass. Since then the tribe has received federal-recognition, which allows casino gaming on reservation land without state approval.
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In 2023 a Lumbee Tribe casino was proposed in the North Carolina legislature, but never passed. Lawmakers wanted to add four new casinos to the state to attract tourism to rural areas and add new tax revenues. One of those four casinos would have been licensed to the Lumbee Tribe.
At that time the Lumbee Tribe was seeking a commercial casino license, because the tribe did not have federal recognition to allow building a tribal casino under the U.S. Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA). The IGRA allows tribes to build and operate an Indian-gaming casino on sovereign reservation land without state jurisdiction.
The Lumbee Tribe did not have federal recognition until December 2025 after a 137-year struggle to achieve it. A Lumbee-owned casino is now possible under the IGRA federal law. No plans have yet been announced by the tribe; however, the opportunity awaits a decision.
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December 19, 2025
After 137 years of struggle, the Lumbee Tribe has finally received federal recognition, which is the esential prerequisite for owning and operating a casino under the U.S. Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA).
[ No Ads ]Lumbee Tribe awaits federal recognition decision - Courtesy of WLOS News 13, Dec 17, 2025. Available from YouTube
The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA) created the National Indian Gaming Commission (NIGC) to regulate gambling on Indian reservation lands. Reservations have tribal sovereignty and are excluded from state and local jurisdictions.
Federal recognition of the Lumbee Tribe establishes the tribe as a sovereign governing entity. The Lumbee can now apply to the Bureau of Indian Affairs within the Department of Interior to begin a trust process to transfer their lands into a reservation and allow the development of a casino.
The Lumbee Tribe lives on land in southeast North Carolina and xtending through Robeson, Hoke, Cumberland, and Scotland counties.
The tribe can now decide whether or not to pursue federal approval of a casino. There is speculation but no official announcement has yet been made.
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The Lumbee sought federal recognition going back to 1888. During those 137 years, each attempt for recognition status failed. That changed in December 2025 when full federal recognition was granted in a National Defense Authorization Act.
The Lumbee Tribe is also a state-recognized tribe of North Carolina.
The tribe is headquartered in Robeson County. Tribal members live in Robeson County as well as the other surrounding counties in the southeast part of the state.
Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina
6984 NC Hwy 711 West
Pembroke, NC 28372
(910) 521-7861 or (855) 801-9738
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August 20, 2023
NC General Assembly is considering a budget plan that includes a Lumbee casino as one of four new casinos in the state. Each casino would be an entertainment district with hotel, restaurants, meeting space and amusement venues to stimulate the economies in Anson, Nash, Rockingham, and Robeson counties.
The proposal is supported by Rep. Jarrod Lowery, a Robeson County state representative and member of the Lumbee tribe. Lowery says the economies of these four rural counties need the economic opportunity the plan can provide. He added that lawmakers are "very close" to formalizing a budget agreement.
A Lumbee official told the media:
"We're excited about the legislators' attempt to help the Lumbee tribe with a casino because we've filed so many years for (federal) recognition, and we're just anxious to see what the next steps are."
- Ricky Harris, Lumbee Tribal Administrator
The Lumbee tribe is the largest tribe east of the Mississippi River with about 60,000 members. North Carolina formally recognized the tribe in 1885; however, the federal government does not recognize the tribe. Without federal recognition the Lumbee Tribe is not qualified to own an Indian-gaming casino. The North Carolina budget plan would grant a commercial casino license to the tribe.
"We understand that state lawmakers and the governor will have the final say over the state budget," he said. "We look forward to reviewing any economic opportunities that may be provided for the Lumbee Tribe once the budget is approved."
- John Lowery, Lumbee Chairman
If the casino plan is passed by the legislature and signed by the governor, Lumbee tribal members would be required by their constitution to vote on whether to approve a casino on their land.
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The 2023 proposal to build a Lumbee Tribe casino in Robeson County was part of a North Carolina legislative effort to add four new casinos to the state. The legislation, which failed to pass, would have authorized a commercial gaming license to the tribe. The proposed Lumbee casino included a hotel, restaurants and an entertainment venue.
Proposal
The Lumbee Tribe casino will be licensed for Class III gaming, where players play against the house on slot machines and table games.
The Lumbee will have exclusive rights to operate Class III gaming in the counties of Bladen, Bruhswick, Columbus, Cumberland, Hoke, Moore, New Hanover, Richmond, Robeson and Scotland.
A gaming compact between the state and the tribe will be negotiated and signed with the governor. The compact will define the allowed number of Class III slot machines and the types of table games. The compact will sent to the U.S. Department of Interior for review and approval.
Under the compact, the Lumbee Tribe will pay a percentage of net gaming revenues to the Indian Gaming Education Revenue Fund.
North Carolina Casino Proposal for Lumbee Tribe August 20, 2023 - NC General Assembly is considering a budget plan that includes a Lumbee casino as one of four new casinos in the state. Each casino would be an entertainment district with hotel, restaurants ... Read more
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